The skills used in encoding are usually developed alongside decoding skills and reflect similar learning. Encoding, or spelling, is the reverse process. See also deconstruction.Decoding means translating written words into the sounds and meanings of spoken words (often silently).

This emphasis on the structuring of the media form highlighted the role of the media in constructing sport discourse and narratives, not merely relaying the action from the site of the live action to the viewer. As Hall puts it, an event must become a ‘story’ before it becomes a communicative event. Hall argued that moments of encoding and decoding are ‘ determinate moments’ (original italics), so that raw historical events are not simply transmitted by the television newscast: ‘Events can only be signified within the aural-visual forms of the televisual discourse’. 7, 1973) was highly influential in developing a cultural analysis of media forms that was not based in the concept of the circulation circuit or the loop. Stuart Hall's ‘Encoding and Decoding in Television Discourse’ (University of Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, Stencilled Paper no. In cultural and media studies, encoding is the way in which texts are put together, and decoding the way in which these can be disassembled for their meaning the approach has been widely used in analyses of sport media and the juxtaposition of the visual and the printed word in those media. In psychology, encoding is the ability to convert information into a different but retrievable form, usually in the memory it is unsurprisingly critical to game plans or performance strategies.Ģ.

Encoding in literacy